Bihar Economy Overview
Presented on 28 Feb 2025 by Finance Minister Samrat Chaudhry
Bihar’s 19th Economic Survey
Bihar ranks 2nd among fastest growing states in India (1st - Tamil Nadu)
GSDP (2023-24):
Current Price: ₹8.54 lakh crore
Constant Price: ₹4.64 lakh crore
NSDP (Net State Domestic Product):
Current Price: ₹7.71 lakh crore
Constant Price: ₹4.11 lakh crore
GSDP growth: 3.5 times increase from 2011-12 to 2023-24
Annual GSDP growth:
Current Price: 14.5%
Constant Price: 9.2%
Per Capita GSDP (2023-24):
Current Price: ₹66,800
Constant Price: ₹36,300
Gross Fixed Capital Formation: ₹0.39 lakh crore (4.6%) of GSDP
Prosperous districts (Per Capita GSDP): Patna > Begusarai > Munger
Most impoverished district: Sheohar
Share of sectors in GSVA:
Primary: 19.9%
Secondary: 21.5%
Tertiary: 58.6%
Workforce participation:
Primary: 54.2%
Secondary: 11.3%
Tertiary: 22.2%
State Finances
Total Expenditure: ₹2.52 lakh crore
Revenue Expenditure: ₹1.91 lakh crore
Capital Expenditure: ₹0.62 lakh crore
Revenue Receipts: ₹1.93 lakh crore
Capital Receipts: ₹0.60 lakh crore
Revenue Surplus: ₹2,833 crore (−0.3% of GSDP)
Gross Fiscal Deficit: 4.2% of GSDP
Primary Deficit: 2.1% of GSDP
Agriculture and Allied Sectors
75% of Bihar’s population depends on agriculture
Agriculture, forestry & fishing contribute about 20% of Bihar’s GSVA
Crop production growth (since 2020-21):
Rice up by 21%
Wheat up by 10.7%
Maize up by 66.6%
Bihar produces 85% of India’s total Makhana
Between 2018-19 and 2022-23:
Milk production rose by 27.3%
Eggs rose by 85.7%
Fish production rose by 45%
5,873 high-breed cattle units established under Samagra Gavya Vikas Yojana
Fisheries schemes: Mukhyamantri Chaur Vikas, Talab Matsyaki Vikas, Plateau Pond Scheme
KCC loan disbursal rose from ₹3,204 crore (2019-20) to ₹7,080 crore (2023-24)
Organic farming expansion: 20,000 acres allotted in Jaivik Corridor Phase 2
Climate Resilient Agriculture Programme active in 30 districts
Sub-sector growth rates (in %):
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing: 5.4
Crops: 4.7
Livestock: 7.6
Forestry and Logging: 3.9
Fishing and Aquaculture: 3.2
GSVA Share (in %):
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing: 19.5
Crops: 9.9
Livestock: 6.3
Forestry and Logging: 1.5
Fishing and Aquaculture: 1.8
Land Use and Cropping Pattern
54.6% of Bihar’s land under crops (2022–23)
Buxar and Bhojpur districts have >80% land under cultivation
Highest cropping intensity:
Supaul: 1.82
Jehanabad: 1.75
Net sown area: 51.13 lakh hectares
Gross sown area: 72.68 lakh hectares
State’s cropping intensity overall: 1.42
Cereals dominate cropping; cereal area rose by 7.1% compared to 2022-23
Principal crops: Rice (Kharif) and Wheat (Rabi)
Jute production increased by 24.6%; highest production in Purnea, highest yield in Kishanganj
Top fruit cultivation:
Mango: 44.3% of fruit area
Banana: second largest area
Tea: Center of Excellence to be established in Kishanganj
Betel leaf supported in 6 districts; horticulture center in Bidupur
District-wise Top Production
Banana: Bhagalpur
Guava: Rohtas
Litchi: Muzaffarpur
Mango: Darbhanga
Onion: Nalanda
Top vegetable: Potato (39.6% area)
Vegetable development scheme in 23 districts
Government Support and Schemes
Irrigation support: 80% subsidy on drip and sprinkler systems under PMKSY for small/marginal farmers
Centers of Excellence:
Chandi (Nalanda) for vegetables
Desari (Vaishali) for fruits
Fertilizer usage: Urea accounts for 2/3rd of total fertilizer use; highest NPK use in Purnea
Irrigation mainly from groundwater; wells used for 64.1% of irrigated area
Dairy Farming:
Samagra Gavya Vikas Yojana offers 75% subsidy for EBC/SC/ST and 50% for others
Desi Gaupalan Protsahan Yojana supports indigenous cows with similar subsidies
New Water Resource Schemes
Eastern Gandak Canal System to be completed by 2025-26
Ganga Water Supply Scheme Phase I supplies water to Rajgir and Nawada since 2023
Ganga Water Supply Scheme Phase II (Madhuvan reservoir) to complete by August 2025
Nikrish Pump Canal Scheme launched on Karmanasha River to resolve water shortage in Buxar district
Enterprises Sector
Secondary sector GSDP growth: 9.2% (2023-24)
Construction forms 50.2% of secondary sector GSDP (2022-23), growing at 22%
Manufacturing contributes 37% of secondary sector GSDP
Bihar contributes 0.5% to India’s GVA (2022-23) and 8.8% to rural market establishments GVA (2nd highest)
Major Industries
Sugar Industry: 9 mills active; recent reopening of Riga Sugar Mill; Jaggery promotion and mechanization schemes underway
Dairy Industry (COMFED): 38.7% growth over previous year
Textile Industry: 14 handloom districts; produces three types of silk; power subsidy worth ₹33.34 crore and working capital support of ₹10,000 per unit
Industrial Clusters and Startups
BIADA industrial clusters in 9 zones including Bhagalpur, Patna, Gaya, and Muzaffarpur
Udyog Mitra assisted 2,153 entrepreneurs
Startup Bihar’s YUVA model: Support, education, funding (₹15 lakh per selected startup), and 46 help centers
Started a 2-year PGDM course at CIMP for startup building
₹150 crore fund with SIDBI for startups; ranked "Aspiring Leader" by DPIIT
Partnered with BIRAC Global Bio-India 2024; industry leaders guide startups
Tourism Development
Budget hotel at Janki Vihar, Sitamarhi; service plaza at Supaul; tourism office in Patna
Labour, Employment, and Skill Development
Labour Force Participation Rate overall: 55% (Male 78.5%, Female 32%)
Unemployment Rate overall: 3% (Male 3.6%, Female 1.4%), Urban rate higher at 7.3%
Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing is the top employment sector for both genders
Informal sector jobs: 90.8% male, 78.8% female
Self-employment: 61.2% male, 83.7% female
Rural daily wages: Male ₹420, Female ₹339; Urban wages: Male ₹449, Female ₹369
Skill development schemes: Kushal Yuva Programme, Recruit-Train-Deploy, Domain Skilling, SANKALP (World Bank funded)
Bihar won 13 medals (4 gold) in 2023 World Skills Competition
Mega Skill Centre planned in Patna (hub-and-spoke)
Physical Infrastructure
Transport sector grew 7.6% (2011-24), GSVA share rose from 7.3% to 10.2%
Bihar 8th largest road network in India (2019)
Four expressways under construction: Varanasi–Ranchi–Kolkata, Gorakhpur–Siliguri, Patna–Purnea, Raxaul–Haldia
Ranked 5th in vehicle registration (transport), 7th in non-transport registrations
New schemes: Mukhya Mantri Vahan Chalak Kalyan Yojana and Mukhya Mantri Prakhand Parivahan Yojana
E-Governance Initiatives
Emergency Response Support System (ERSS-112): 68,000 daily calls, 15-minute response time
E-Shikshakosh for real-time school management
BHAVYA App for hospital operation streamlining
ICT infrastructure: Teledensity 55.59%, Internet density 42.1%, 100% Panchayats onboarded
Major IT programs include BSDC 2.0, BSWAN 2.0, Aadhaar Framework, MSDG, IT skilling and training centres
Law & Order digital systems: AI tracking, CCTV traffic management, e-Courts, e-Prisons, real-time FIR management
Power Sector
100% household electrification since 2018, with 2.12 crore consumers
Peak demand 8,005 MW in 2024, 24-hour urban and ~22-hour rural power supply
Per capita power consumption 363 kWh (up 229 kWh in 12 years)
Consumer base multiplied 7 times since 2012
Power use: 41% domestic, 13% agriculture, 46% industrial/non-domestic
Planned generation capacity 12,058 MW (2024-25); 66.6% thermal, 33.4% renewable
1 GW solar target; 50 MW completed under Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali
State schemes include prepaid metering and dedicated farming electricity connections
Rural Development
Rural development expenditure ~10% of total state spending
JEEVIKA empowers 10.63 lakh SHGs and 71,100 VOs
Didi ki Rasoi community kitchens run by SHG women
100 SHG-run grocery stores linked with market firms
MGNREGS guarantees 100 days wage employment annually
High employment and participation seen in East Champaran, Samastipur, Gaya, Saharsa
Women’s participation over 50% in most districts
Urban Development
Urbanization rate 11.3% vs. national average 31.2%
Urban budget increased by 227.3%
Patna leads urban population growth
Patna ranked 1st in Bihar (Water +, ODF, 1-Star Garbage Free), 77th nationally
Metro Rail: Patna Metro with 2 corridors (32.5 km), ₹3,402 crore budget, new metros approved for other cities
Financial Institutions
Mobile banking and internet banking users increased by 239.3% and 168.9%, respectively
Credit-Deposit Ratio: 52.8, highest in Purnea, lowest in Munger
Human Development
Social services expenditure increased 13 times
Health and education sectors expenditure grew 13 and 10 times respectively
Population projected to grow by 4.93 crore (47.3%) from 2011 to 2041
Total Fertility Rate reduced from 4.2 (2015) to 3.8 (2020)
Working age population to increase to 58.3% by 2041, demographic dividend peak expected around 2041
Life expectancy at birth: approx. 69.5 years
Institutional deliveries: 86.7% (2021-22)
Child Development
Children (0-18 years) constitute 48% of the population
Bihar contributes 11% of India’s child population
18% of state budget allocated to child development
Per capita spending on children: ₹9,131 (2022–23)
Reduction in stunting (42.9%) and underweight (41.0%), slight increase in wasting (22.9%)
Anaemia prevalence in children (6-59 months): 69.4%
Environment, Climate Change, and Disaster Management
Forestry sector tripled in growth since 2011
Average temperature rose from 21.2°C (2017) to 24.7°C (2023)
Forest cover increased by 687 sq km (2011-23)
35 air quality and 34 Ganga water monitoring stations
Average rainfall: 1004.6 mm; highest in Kishanganj, lowest in Kaimur
Carbon stock in 2023: 58,451 thousand tonnes (increased by 1,570 thousand tonnes since 2021)
Most carbon stored as Soil Organic Carbon (63%) and Above Ground Biomass (26%)
771 forest fire incidents recorded, mainly in Valmiki Tiger Reserve (West Champaran)
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